Maximum levels of nickel in certain foods
Published by AGRINFO on ; Revised
EU proposes to set maximum levels for nickel in certain foods
Draft Commission Regulation (EU) amending Regulation (EU) 2023/915 as regards maximum levels of nickel in certain foodstuffs
Update
The EU has informed the World Trade Organization Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO SPS) Committee that it intends to set maximum levels for nickel in tree nuts, vegetables, seaweed, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, cocoa and chocolate products, food for infants and young children, and fruit and vegetable juices (G/SPS/N/EU/734).
Impacted Products
tree nuts, vegetables, seaweed, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, cocoa and chocolate products, food for infants and young children, fruit and vegetable juices
What is changing?
The EU proposes to set maximum allowable levels for nickel in tree nuts, vegetables, seaweed, pulses, oilseeds, cereals, cocoa and chocolate products, food for infants and young children, and fruit and vegetable juices, as detailed in Table 1.
Why?
EFSA’s evaluation of nickel intake from food and drinking water identified risks of chronic dietary exposure to nickel in infants, toddlers, and other children. Acute dietary exposure is a health concern to individuals in other population groups who are sensitive to nickel (EFSA 2020).
Timeline
Maximum allowable levels for nickel in the foods listed in Table 1 will apply from 1 July 2025, with the exception of cereals for which the maximum levels will apply from 1 July 2026.
What are the major implications for exporting countries?
The levels of nickel in food are not widely regulated globally. Unlike other contaminants, producers and suppliers may not be routinely testing for the presence of nickel. The risks associated with nickel will therefore have to be assessed on a sector/country basis. On the basis of this analysis, nickel may need to be included into routine contaminant testing programmes.
Recommended Actions
Suppliers of the foods listed in Table 1 should immediately evaluate the presence of nickel in these products and identify potential sources of nickel, either naturally occurring within the product or from the environment. Information on recommended methods for sampling and analysis of the levels of nickel in foodstuffs can be found in Regulation 333/2007.
Collected data on nickel in these foods, including cases where nickel exceeds the maximum levels proposed by the EU, can be submitted to the EU for consideration, via the National SPS notification authority of the country concerned, to the EU SPS Enquiry Point until 4 May 2024.
Background
This Regulation amends Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2023/915 that sets maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. For further information on the setting of contaminant maximum levels, see EU legislation on contaminants – maximum levels explained.
EFSA (2020) updated its risk assessment of 2015 on the presence of nickel in food and drinking water, and concluded that daily intake of nickel in food and drinking water above the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 µg/kg body weight (bw) may cause critical health concerns, including loss of pregnancy. About 15% of the population suffers acute health concerns such as eczema of the skin at a daily intake as low as 4.3 µg nickel/kg bw.
The European Commission has recommended that EU Member States, in collaboration with the food industry, do further monitoring of nickel in 2025–2027 in the following products: food supplements, chocolate, chocolate spreads, nut spreads, cocoa beans, cereal-based products (in particular, breakfast cereals, cereal flakes, and oat milling products), ready-to-eat soups, coffee, tea, vegetables, seaweeds, oilseeds, soy-based products (such as tofu and soy-based drinks), pulses, nuts, fish, and other seafood (Commission Recommendation 2024/907).
Resources
EFSA (2015) Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA Journal, 13(2): 4002.
EFSA (2020) Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA Journal, 18(11): 6268.
Recommendation (EU) 2016/1111 on the monitoring of nickel in food
Recommendation (EU) 2024/907 on the monitoring of nickel in food
Regulation 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food
Regulation 333/2007 on methods of sampling and analysis for the control of the levels of trace elements and processing contaminants in foodstuffs
Sources
Draft Commission Regulation (EU) amending Regulation (EU) 2023/915 as regards maximum levels of nickel in certain foodstuffs
Draft Annex
Tables & Figures
Source: PLAN/367/2022 ANNEX
Disclaimer: Under no circumstances shall COLEAD be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered that is claimed to have resulted from the use of information available on this website or any link to external sites. The use of the website is at the user’s sole risk and responsibility. This information platform was created and maintained with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents do not, however, reflect the views of the European Union.