Revision of EU Plant Health Law

Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards multiannual survey programmes, notifications concerning the presence of regulated non-quarantine pests, temporary derogations from import prohibitions and special import requirements and establishment of procedures for granting them, temporary import requirements for high risk plants, plant products and other objects, the establishment of procedures for the listing of high risk plants, the content of phytosanitary certificates, the use of plant passports and as regards certain reporting requirements for demarcated areas and surveys of pest

Update

The European Commission aims to create a clearer system allowing non-EU countries to get temporary derogations (exemptions) from prohibitions or restrictions on imports of plants and plant products. It also proposes additional certification requirements for plants for planting in relation to regulated non-quarantine pests.

Impacted Products

all plants, plant products, and other objects

What is changing?

Regulation 2016/2031 establishes rules to protect the EU from harmful organisms, including risks related to imports of plants and plant products. The rules cover both quarantine pests (pests not significantly present in the EU) and regulated non-quarantine pests (RNQPs). RNQPs are pests that are present in, and pose an economic threat to, the EU and are transmitted in plants that are intended to be planted or replanted (plants for planting).

Main proposed changes affecting non-EU exporters

Phytosanitary certificates: Exporters in non-EU countries have to declare which of several options of measures they have taken to ensure compliance with quarantine pest rules, but currently this is not the case for RNQPs. The new rules will require exporters to also declare in the phytosanitary certificate which option they have taken to meet compliance with RNQP requirements (amending Art. 71(2) of Regulation 2016/2031).

Temporary derogations: Under current rules, the EU can prohibit imports of certain plants or plant products from some or all non-EU countries to protect the EU from risks of quarantine pests (Art. 40). It can also introduce special requirements (Art. 41) or restrictions on the basis of a preliminary assessment that the plant or plant product is “high-risk” (Art. 42). The Commission now proposes to introduce a standardised procedure that will allow a non-EU country to apply for a temporary derogation (exemption) from import bans or special requirements. This will work as follows:

1. the non-EU country submits a request which explains the measures they are taking to remove the plant health risk
2. the Commission assesses whether the risk can be reduced to an acceptable level with the proposed measures
3. where the reduction of risk through the proposed measures has been demonstrated, the Commission can approve a temporary derogation.

The Commission will develop detailed rules for this standardised procedure at a later stage. The Commission will also allow for temporary derogations from restrictions related to high-risk plants.

Temporary derogations will be in place for no more than 5 years. They will be reviewed every year on the basis of reports from non-EU countries on the measures they have taken to remove the pest risk.

New procedures for identifying and listing high-risk plants: the Commission can currently establish a list of high-risk plants (Art. 42), but the procedure for doing so is not transparent. This proposal gives the Commission the powers to detail the process and criteria for identifying and listing high-risk plants, ensuring greater transparency. The Commission will develop detailed rules on this procedure at a later stage.

Official attestations: The Commission can currently determine what details non-EU country authorities must put in official attestations, which may be used as alternatives to phytosanitary certificates. But the Commission may only include those elements that are required by the applicable international standards (Art. 99). However, no international standards have been adopted since 2016, so no detailed rules on attestations have been approved. The Commission considers that these official attestations offer useful guarantees of plant health even where no relevant international standards exist. It therefore proposes to remove the restrictive reference to international standards.

Why?

Following a review of the Plant Health Law (Regulation 2016/2031) over the first 5 years of its application, the Commission identified areas where reporting requirements placed too much burden on operators and authorities. It also found that different EU Member States were not implementing controls in the same way, creating confusion for operators. Where import bans or restrictions have been put in place, some non-EU countries are potentially able to introduce measures that meet the EU’s goal of preventing pest risks, and therefore should be able to export. A clearer system that allows countries to apply for derogations to import bans or restrictions is needed.

Timeline

In March 2024, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached provisional agreement on a final text (Council of the EU 2024). The aim will be to formalise and adopt this text (which is not publicly available) before the European Parliament elections in June 2024.

The new rules may not take effect until 2026.

What are the major implications for exporting countries?

The proposed changes should provide the European Commission with greater flexibility to respond to the specific plant health approaches of non-EU countries. Clarification of procedures should create more transparency and predictability in this process.

Non-EU authorities (national plant protection organisations, NPPOs) will have to adjust their procedures in relation to exports of plants for planting to respond to new requirements for RNQPs. They will also have to adjust to the new derogation request processes. Those with temporary derogations will have to be prepared to report annually to the Commission on their phytosanitary risk measures.

Recommended Actions

Exporting countries must be vigilant and keep informed about changes in order to effectively adapt and comply with new requirements.

Background

The EU Plant Health Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 takes a proactive approach to prevent the entry and spread of plant pests within the EU. It introduces new rules for surveillance, eradication, and imports, investing resources at an early (preventative) stage to avoid future harm to EU agriculture or the environment. The overall aim was to have more effective measures to protect the EU, to ensure safe trade, and to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the health of EU crops and forests.

The Regulation refers to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), an intergovernmental treaty that aims to protect the world's plant resources from the spread and introduction of pests. The IPPC sets the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) and is the main global standard-setting organisation for plant health.

See EU Plant Health Law explained, Provisional list of high risk plants explained, and Provisional listing of pests, commodities and additional plant health requirements.

A significant change in this new proposal relates to RNQPs, which are defined in ISPM 5 as “A non-quarantine pest whose presence in plants for planting affects the intended use of those plants with an economically unacceptable impact and which is therefore regulated within the territory of the importing contracting party”.

Resources

Sources

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Regulation

Proposal for a Regulation on multiannual survey programmes, notifications concerning the presence of regulated non-quarantine pests, temporary derogations from import prohibitions and special import requirements and establishment of procedures for granting them, temporary import requirements for high-risk plants, plant products and other objects, the establishment of procedures for the listing of high-risk plants, the content of phytosanitary certificates, the use of plant passports and as regards certain reporting requirements for demarcated areas and pest surveys

What is changing and why?

Regulation 2016/2031 (the EU Plant Health Law) establishes rules to protect the EU from harmful organisms (pests) that can affect plants. These include rules that apply to plants and plant products brought into the EU from non-EU countries. The Regulation deals with two main categories of pests: quarantine pests (not commonly found in the EU) and regulated non-quarantine pests (RNQPs) associated with plants for planting (plants that are intended to be planted or replanted).

The European Commission has reviewed the Regulation after its first 5 years of application, and has identified areas to improve. In particular, the Commission proposes a clearer system to allow non-EU countries to apply for derogations (exemptions) to import bans if they evidence that they can manage the pest risks.

The main proposed changes that would affect exports to the EU include:

• Temporary derogations: The EU can restrict imports to manage pest risks. A new procedure would let non-EU countries request a temporary derogation from these restrictions by detailing what steps they are taking to reduce risk. If approved, these exemptions would last up to 5 years. They would be reviewed annually based on the exporting country’s pest risk management reports.
• High-risk plants listing: The Commission will clarify the procedure for listing high-risk plants in order to increase transparency.
• Official attestations: The new proposal allows the Commission to specify what information non-EU countries must include in official attestations (alternatives to phytosanitary certificates used in some circumstances). They would no longer have to limit these details to what is included in the international standards.
• Phytosanitary certificates: Today, non-EU countries have to state in the phytosanitary certificate which option from a list of measures they are taking to manage some quarantine pests. They will now also have to do this for RNQPs.

Actions

Exporting countries must be vigilant and keep informed about changes in order to effectively adapt and comply with new requirements.

Timeline

In March 2024, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached provisional agreement on a final text. The aim will be to formalise and adopt this text before the European Parliament elections in June 2024.The new rules may not take effect until 2026.

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